Citizenship By Merit Scheme 2025

Malta has taken a decisive step in reshaping its citizenship framework by officially replacing its long-standing citizenship-by-investment program, widely known as the golden passport scheme, with a fully merit-based system. This change follows an April 2025 ruling by the European Court of Justice, which declared that selling citizenship in exchange for financial contributions is contrary to European Union law. The judgment marked a turning point for Malta, signalling a new era of compliance with EU principles while ensuring that citizenship is granted only to individuals who demonstrate genuine value and a commitment to the country.

For over a decade, the golden passport program has served as a gateway for high-net-worth individuals to secure Maltese citizenship by making substantial financial contributions, investing in property, and making donations to the state. While the program generated approximately €1.4 billion in revenue and attracted around 1,500 principal applicants, it drew persistent criticism from the European Commission and EU Member States, who argued that the practice reduced citizenship to a commercial transaction. This criticism eventually led to legal scrutiny and culminated in the European Court’s landmark decision earlier this year. Malta, which was the last EU Member State to maintain a citizenship-by-investment route after Cyprus and Bulgaria abandoned their programs, has now aligned itself with broader European efforts to ensure that citizenship remains a reflection of meaningful ties and contributions rather than financial capacity.

In July 2025, the Maltese government introduced formal amendments to the Citizenship Act, removing the transactional elements of the former program entirely. Under the new merit-based framework, citizenship may be granted to individuals who make exceptional contributions to Malta in fields such as science, technology, culture, sports, entrepreneurship, research, and philanthropy. In addition, the government has expanded eligibility to include those who, in the discretion of the responsible Minister, are considered to be of exceptional interest to Malta. This shift represents a fundamental change in policy direction, emphasising merit and genuine national interest over wealth.

The updated system also introduces greater transparency and accountability. Unlike its predecessor, the merit-based citizenship scheme now includes a formal review and appeal process. Applicants who are denied citizenship will have the ability to request a reassessment or appeal the decision, a measure that reflects Malta’s commitment to a fair and robust governance structure. This procedural reform is designed to restore confidence in the naturalisation process while aligning Malta’s laws with EU requirements.

For the property sector and prospective investors, this change represents both a challenge and an opportunity. While the golden passport scheme often attracted individuals primarily motivated by the prospect of acquiring citizenship through real estate investment, Malta’s property market is now expected to be driven by those seeking long-term residence and genuine integration. Investors who plan to relocate, establish business operations, or contribute to Malta’s economy in meaningful ways will remain key participants in the market. The removal of the transactional pathway does not diminish the island’s appeal as a location for property acquisition; instead, it refocuses attention on Malta’s robust residency framework, stable economy, and high quality of life as the foundations for attracting serious investors.

From a legal and economic standpoint, this development reinforces Malta’s position within the EU. By abolishing the golden passport scheme, Malta has complied with the European Court’s interpretation of Articles 4(3) and 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which establish that citizenship must not be commodified. This compliance helps to strengthen Malta’s relationship with its European partners. It ensures that the country’s policies cannot be challenged on the grounds of undermining EU citizenship as a whole.

For potential property buyers and future residents, the end of the golden passport program should not be viewed as a barrier but as an invitation to explore Malta’s broader advantages. The island remains an attractive destination for individuals and families seeking to relocate within the EU, with a property market offering a diverse range of opportunities. While citizenship is no longer directly linked to investment, Malta continues to provide clear pathways for residence and long-term settlement for those who wish to establish genuine ties to the country.

At RE/MAX Malta, we are committed to guiding our clients through the evolving legal landscape, offering not only access to the island’s premier real estate opportunities but also strategic advice on navigating Malta’s residency options. Our expertise in both the local property market and relocation processes positions us to support investors and families seeking to establish a meaningful presence in Malta, in line with the country’s new framework.

Malta’s transition from a citizenship-by-investment program to a merit-based system suggests a broader commitment to integrity, transparency, and genuine national interest. This change reflects the island’s maturation as both a member of the European Union and a global destination for talent, innovation, and long-term investment. For those looking to purchase property, relocate, or build their future in Malta, the country continues to offer a stable, secure, and highly desirable environment.